Particle "Ga"

PARTICLE が

• 1     が　follows a sentence with a verb. It marks the grammatical subject of a sentence when referring to neutral descriptions or observable actions.

Ex:       今朝、雨が降りました

è This morning, it rained.

           友だちがうちに来ます。

è My friend is coming to my house.

• 2.     が　follows a sentence with an adjective.

Ex:       空が暗いです。

è The sky is dark.

           公園の花がきれいでう。

è The flowers in the park are pretty.

• 3.     Use が before 「好き」「きらい」「ほしい」「たい」「上手」「下手」「分かる」「出来る」(Note: ga/tai isn’t used with motion verbs where wo/tai is used instead)

Ex:       兄はゴルフが好きです。

è My brother likes golf.

中山さんは中国語が出来ます。

è Nakayama-san speaks Chinese.

• 4.     When a verb becomes an adjective. That is before adverbs.

Ex:       これは私が取った写真です。

è This is a picture taken by me.

英語の説明が書いてあるプログラムを買いたいんです。

è It’s okay to buy a program written in English.

•        5 .  When an interrogative pronoun is used as the subject of a sentence.

Ex:       誰が、これをしましたか。

è Who did this?

•      6.      Use が before 「あります」「います」to express something that has been done/exist.

Ex:       前に温泉に入ったことがあります。

è I entered in a hot spring once.

           あそこに犬がいます。

è There’s a dog there.

•        7.  To link two sentences in opposition. It gives the meaning of “But”.　It may also link to sentences that are not in opposition, giving the meaning of “And”.

Ex:       アメリカの映画は好きですが日本の映画は好きではありません。

è I like American movies, but I don’t like Japanese movies.

•       8.    Used with intransitive verbs, that is verbs that take an indirect object. (That is a object does the action, not the subject)

Ex:       授業が始まる。

è The class starts.

           まどがあいています。

è The window opens itself.

           まどがあけてあります。

è The window is opened.